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Canine Cancer Crisis in India: A Growing Concern of Cancer in Dogs

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Neha

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8 min read

27 Oct, 2024

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In recent years, the Indian veterinary industry has faced a rising challenge: a notable increase in  cancer for dogs, which has become a significant health issue for pets across the country. This article explores the growing concern of canine cancer in India, focusing on high-risk breeds, cancerous tumors in dogs, various treatment options, and strategies for prevention. With the advancement of veterinary medicine and awareness, we delve into the specifics of  tumors in dogs and how Indian pet owners and veterinarians are dealing with this growing crisis.

The Scale of Cancer in dogs 

Cancer in dogs has reached alarming levels in India, with many pet owners unaware of how common the condition has become or that these cancers are treatable. Unfortunately, many cases go undiagnosed or untreated, leading to premature loss of life. While cancer in dogs is often associated with older pets, younger dogs are also at risk.  Dogs and cancer are a growing concern, and it’s essential to educate pet owners about the various types of cancer that can affect their pets, including carcinoma cancer in dogs, and the possible treatments available.


High-Risk Breeds in India

Certain breeds are more prone to developing  cancerous tumors due to genetic predisposition. While any dog can develop cancer, several popular breeds in India are particularly vulnerable to  canine tumors. Pet owners must be aware of these risks to monitor their pets more closely.


1.  Labrador Retriever: Commonly affected by  lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and  hemangiosarcoma , Labradors are one of the most popular breeds in India and are frequently at risk for  canine adenocarcinoma  and other cancers.


2.  German Shepherd: Prone to  osteosarcoma  (bone cancer),  lymphoma , and  hemangiosarcoma , this breed’s strong constitution does not exempt it from being vulnerable to various cancers, including  canine carcinoma.


3.  Golden Retriever: At significant risk for  lymphoma ,  hemangiosarcoma , and  histiocytic sarcoma , Goldens are often diagnosed with life-threatening cancers. Their friendly nature and popularity as family pets make it especially important for owners to be vigilant.


4.  Boxer: Boxers commonly suffer from  mast cell tumors ,  hemangiosarcoma , and  lymphoma , making them one of the breeds most frequently diagnosed with  dog malignant tumors.


5.  Beagle: Known to suffer from  lymphoma ,  osteosarcoma , and  bladder cancer , Beagles are another breed that is susceptible to cancerous growths.


Other high-risk breeds include Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Great Danes, Poodles, and Cocker Spaniels, many of which are frequently diagnosed with  adenocarcinoma in dogs  and other malignant growths.


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Common Types of Cancer in Dogs

Dogs and cancer  come in many forms, each affecting different parts of a dog’s body. The following are some of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in India:


-  Hemangiosarcoma: A cancer of the blood vessels,  hemangiosarcoma  is highly aggressive and typically affects the spleen or liver.


-  Osteosarcoma:  Bone cancer , common in larger breeds like German Shepherds and Great Danes, causes debilitating pain and is often treated with amputation followed by chemotherapy.


-  Lymphoma: A cancer of the lymphatic system,  lymphoma  can affect any breed but is especially prevalent in Labradors, Golden Retrievers, and Boxers.


-  Mast Cell Tumors: These tumors affect the skin and can metastasize to other organs, making them particularly dangerous if not caught early.


-  Melanoma:  Skin cancer  is more common in light-skinned dogs, but melanoma can appear anywhere, including the mouth and eyes.


Treatment Options for Canine Cancer

When a dog is diagnosed with cancer, several treatment options are available depending on the type, stage, and location of the tumor. These include:


-  Surgery: Often the first line of defense, surgical removal of  cancerous tumors on dogs  can sometimes be curative, especially if the tumor is detected early.


-  Chemotherapy: Commonly used for systemic cancers like lymphoma, chemotherapy is designed to target and destroy cancer cells throughout the body. While it can have side effects, many dogs tolerate it well.


-  Radiation Therapy: This treatment is often used for localized cancers that are inoperable. It can shrink tumors and is commonly used for  osteosarcoma  and  mast cell tumors.


-  Immunotherapy: A newer treatment option,  immunotherapy  helps the dog’s immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively.


-  Palliative Care: For dogs with advanced or terminal cancer, palliative care can help manage pain and improve the quality of life. Though it is not curative, it ensures a more comfortable journey for the dog.


Treatment Facilities and Costs in India

Currently, there is only one specialized facility for  canine cancer treatment  in India: the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) at Tata Memorial Centre in Navi Mumbai. ACTREC offers advanced treatments like chemotherapy and radiation specifically for dogs. Other specialized services may become available as veterinary oncology develops further in India.


Costs for  cancer treatment for dogs  at ACTREC range between ₹40,000 to ₹60,000, depending on the type of cancer and the number of sessions required. While this may seem expensive, the treatments are life-saving for many pets. In 2023, the center treated around 150 dogs, signaling an increasing demand for these specialized services.


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Survival Rates and Prognosis

Dogs that receive prompt and proper treatment for  canine cancer  can significantly extend their lifespan. For example, dogs with  lymphoma  treated with chemotherapy can live one to two years post-diagnosis, while those receiving  radiation therapy  for  osteosarcoma  may live even longer. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial to improving survival rates.


Challenges in Veterinary Oncology

Despite advances, the veterinary industry in India faces several challenges in addressing  canine cancer:


-  Lack of Specialized Training: Many Indian veterinarians are not trained in the latest cancer treatment methods. As a result, some vets may suggest euthanasia without considering other options like  canine carcinoma treatment  or  immunotherapy.


-  Cost of Treatment: Cancer treatment for dogs  can be expensive, especially for more advanced forms like  adenocarcinoma  or  malignant tumors. Many pet owners find it difficult to afford these treatments, and pet insurance for cancer treatment is not yet widespread in India.


Finding a Veterinary Oncologist


For pet owners looking for specialized care, finding a veterinary oncologist can be daunting. However, there are ways to locate the right care:


1. Ask your regular vet for a referral to an oncology specialist.


2. Contact specialized clinics like ACTREC for guidance.


3. Explore online directories like the Veterinary Cancer Society’s website.


4. Join pet-owner communities on social media for recommendations and shared experiences.


5. Network with other pet owners who have dealt with similar challenges.


Preventing Canine Cancer

While it is impossible to fully prevent  cancer in dogs , there are measures owners can take to reduce their pet's risk:


1.  Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is linked to various cancers. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help prevent cancerous growths.


2.  Feed a Nutritious Diet: High-quality food rich in antioxidants can reduce the risk of  canine tumors.


3.  Regular Vet Check-ups: Annual visits help catch early signs of cancer. Your vet can monitor any suspicious growths, especially in high-risk breeds.


4.  Spay or Neuter: Sterilizing your dog can lower the risk of certain cancers, such as testicular or ovarian cancer.


5.  Protect from Toxins: Keep your dog away from harmful chemicals, such as lawn pesticides and secondhand smoke, which are known carcinogens.


6.  Limit Sun Exposure: Light-skinned dogs are particularly susceptible to  melanoma  from excessive sun exposure, so limit their time outdoors during peak sunlight.


Community Support and Awareness

Animal welfare organizations and pet owner groups in India are working tirelessly to raise awareness about  canine cancer . Campaigns aim to educate the public on recognizing the early symptoms of cancer and how to access treatment. Pet insurance is slowly becoming more common, and with it, more affordable options for treatment, including coverage for  carcinoma  and  malignant tumors.


ALSO READ | Have a Pet? Simple Medications You Need to Stock for Dogs and Cats

Conclusion

India’s veterinary industry is slowly improving in its ability to handle the growing issue of cancer in dogs . With more specialized care options, increased awareness, and preventative strategies, pet owners are becoming better equipped to support their dogs through this challenging illness. Continued education for both vets and pet owners will be key to ensuring timely and effective treatment for canine cancer . With early detection, affordable treatment options, and proactive care, dogs can enjoy longer, healthier lives even in the face of a cancer diagnosis.

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